Fire Retardant Fabrics: What You Need to Know - Online Fabrics

05 Jun.,2025

 

Fire Retardant Fabrics: What You Need to Know - Online Fabrics

Fire Retardant Fabric: What It Is and Where to Use It

4 October

In today's safety-conscious world, the importance of fire safety in textiles cannot be overstated. Whether you're outfitting a commercial space, designing stage curtains, or simply looking to enhance the safety of your home, choosing a suitable fire-retardant fabric is crucial. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about these materials, from their composition to their applications and care.

You will get efficient and thoughtful service from Xinxing FR.

What is Fire Retardant Fabric?

Fire retardant fabric is a textile that is suitable for potential fire-risk applications, including:

  • Curtains and drapes for commercial and residential spaces
  • Upholstery for furniture in public areas like hotels, theatres, and offices
  • Protective clothing for workers in high-risk industries
  • Bedding and mattresses for hospitals and hotels
  • Wall coverings and room dividers in commercial buildings
  • Stage curtains and backdrops for entertainment venues
  • Aircraft and public transport interiors


How Fire Retardant Fabrics Work

The science behind these fabrics varies from product to product, utilising different mechanisms to combat fire:

  1. Chemical Reaction: Some fire retardant fabrics release flame-damping substances when exposed to high temperatures.
  2. Char Formation: When burned, certain fire retardant materials form a char layer, which insulates the underlying fabric.
  3. Heat Absorption: Some fabrics are designed to absorb and dissipate heat, reducing the surrounding area's temperature.
  4. Oxygen Deprivation: Advanced fire retardant fabrics can create a barrier that limits oxygen supply to the flame.

Types of Fire Retardant Fabrics

Fire retardant fabrics generally fall within two main categories - Natural Inherent Flame Retardant (NIFR) fabrics and Non-Durable Flame Retardant (NDFR) fabrics:

  1. Natural Inherent Flame Retardant (NIFR) Fabrics: These textiles are made from fibres that are inherently flame-resistant, such as certain types of polyester or nylon. The fire-resistant properties are built into the molecular structure of the fabric, ensuring long-lasting protection. NIFR fabrics maintain their flame-resistant properties throughout their lifetime, even after multiple washes or exposure to environmental factors. They're ideal for applications requiring consistent, long-term flame resistance.
  2. Non-Durable Flame Retardant (NDFR) Fabrics: These are regular fabrics treated with fire-retardant chemicals applied as surface finishes or coatings. NDFR fabrics are suitable for applications where temporary flame resistance is needed, as they may lose their protective properties over time, especially after washing or environmental exposure.

Important! The choice between these types depends on your project's specific application and requirements. However, it is crucial to note that in the United Kingdom, businesses are legally required to use fire-retardant upholstery fabric to comply with fire safety regulations and ensure consumer protection.

For commercial applications where long-term fire safety is paramount, NIFR fabrics are often the preferred choice due to their durability and consistent flame-resistant properties. These fabrics maintain their protective qualities even after repeated cleaning, making them ideal for high-traffic commercial environments.



The Difference Between Flame Retardant and Fire Retardant Fabrics

It's crucial to understand the distinction between flame retardant and fire retardant fabrics, as these terms are often used interchangeably but have specific meanings in the textile industry.

  • Fire retardant fabrics are designed to slow fire spread and reduce its intensity. While they offer important protection, they may not completely prevent a fire from spreading. These fabrics typically char when exposed to flame, creating a barrier that helps to inhibit fire progression.
  • Flame retardant fabrics, in contrast, are engineered to resist ignition and self-extinguish when the ignition source is removed. These textiles are often constructed using inherently flame-resistant fibres or treated with specialised chemical finishes. Their primary function is to actively suppress the spread of flames, providing a higher level of fire safety than fire retardant fabrics.

Both types of fabrics play vital roles in fire safety, but their specific properties and performance characteristics differ. When selecting fabrics for safety-critical applications, it is essential to understand these differences and choose the appropriate type based on your specific requirements and relevant safety standards.



Fire Safety Standards used for fabrics sold in the UK

In the UK, various tests and standards are used to evaluate the flame-retardant properties of fabrics. Here are the standards you may need to know:

  1. BS 476 Part 7 (Surface Spread of Flame Test): Evaluates how quickly flame spreads across a fabric's surface. Fabrics passing this test are considered to have low surface flammability.
  2. BS (Flammability of Textiles Curtains and Drapes): Specifically assesses the flammability of curtains and drapes when exposed to a small ignition source.
  3. BS (Cigarette and Match Test): Measures the resistance of upholstery fabrics to ignition from a smouldering cigarette or small open flame, crucial for furniture fabrics.
  4. EN (Heat Resistance Test): Tests a fabric's ability to withstand radiant heat without igniting, commonly applied to curtains and drapes.
  5. EN ISO and (Flammability of Textiles): These standards assess general textile flammability and vertical flame spread, respectively, under controlled conditions.
  6. EN (Ignitability of Curtains): Specifically evaluates how easily curtains ignite when exposed to a small flame.
  7. EN and EN : These standards are for protective clothing, assessing resistance to heat and flame in contexts like firefighting or welding.

When browsing our products at Online Fabrics, you'll notice we've added information about which fire safety standards it meets (if any) in each fabric's description. We also provide care instructions to help you maintain the flame retardant properties, ensuring you can make informed decisions and properly maintain your fire safety textiles.



Applications in Various Industries

Fire retardant fabrics find use across a wide range of industries and applications:

  • Hospitality: Hotels and restaurants use these fabrics for curtains, upholstery and bedding to meet safety regulations.
  • Entertainment: Theatres and concert venues rely on fire-retardant stage curtains and backdrops.
  • Transportation: Airlines and public transport services use these materials for seat covers and interior furnishings.
  • Workwear: Industries dealing with high heat or flame risks use fire retardant clothing to protect workers.
  • Home Decor: Safety-conscious homeowners opt for fire-retardant curtains and upholstery fabrics.

Domestic Use

In domestic settings, not all items are required by law to be fire retardant, but using these fabrics can significantly enhance home safety. Items that typically don't need to be fire retardant for domestic use include:

  • Clothing (except children's nightwear)
  • Bed linens and pillowcases
  • Towels and washcloths
  • Curtains in private homes (though fire retardant options are recommended)
  • Rugs and carpets

Despite not being required by law, using fire-retardant fabrics for furniture in your home is always advisable.


How to Choose the Right Fire Retardant Fabric

Selecting the appropriate fire retardant fabric involves considering several factors:

  1. Intended Use: Consider where and how the fabric will be used. Is it for upholstery, curtains, or clothing?
  2. Fire Safety Standards: Ensure the fabric meets relevant safety standards for your industry or application. For commercial or public spaces, it's crucial to consult with your local fire safety officer. They can provide specific guidance on your application's required standards, ensuring you comply with local regulations. Fire safety officers can offer valuable insights, including required fire retardant ratings for your business and how to document your fire safety compliance.
  3. Aesthetics: Fire safety doesn't necessarily mean compromising on style. Options like our Distressed Leatherette - BLACK offer both protection and visual appeal.
  4. Durability: Consider how well the fire retardant properties will last, especially for items that require frequent cleaning.
  5. Comfort: Choose fabrics that balance safety with comfort for clothing or items in direct contact with skin.


Maintenance and Care Tips

Proper care is essential to maintain the fire-retardant properties of your fabrics:

  1. Follow Care Labels: Always adhere to the manufacturer's cleaning instructions.
  2. Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Some cleaning agents can degrade fire retardant treatments.
  3. Regular Inspections: Check for wear and tear that might affect the fabric's fire resistance.
  4. Professional Cleaning: Consider professional cleaning services familiar with fire-retardant fabrics.
  5. Retreatment: Some treated fabrics may need periodic reapplication of fire retardant treatments.

Visit our guide on Keeping Fire-Retardant Fabrics in Top Shape for more information on maintaining and caring for fire-retardant fabrics.



Expert Advice

Here are some useful tips for working with fire retardant materials:

  1. When sewing fire retardant fabrics, use a larger needle and longer stitch length to prevent damage to the protective coating.
  2. Check the care label before washing fire-retardant fabrics. Some can be pre-washed, others must not be washed to maintain their protective properties.
  3. For upholstery projects, consider using fire-retardant batting and foam with fire-retardant fabrics for complete protection.


Fire Retardant Fabrics Showcase:

At Online Fabrics, we offer a range of high-quality fire retardant fabrics to suit various needs:





FAQs

Q: Can fire retardant fabrics be washed?

It depends on the fabric. Some can be washed, others can't due to the applied treatments. Always check the care label or fabric supplier for correct washing instructions.

Q: Do fire retardant fabrics feel different from regular fabrics?

Some might have a slightly different texture, but many modern fire retardant fabrics are designed to feel similar to their non-treated counterparts.

Q: How long do fire retardant properties last?

It varies depending on the type of fabric and treatment. Inherently fire retardant fabrics maintain their properties for the life of the fabric, while treated fabrics may need periodic retreatment.

Q: Are fire retardant fabrics more expensive than regular fabrics?

Due to the special treatments or materials used, they tend to be more expensive. However, the added safety they provide often justifies the investment.




Ready to explore the world of fire-retardant fabrics? Visit our fire retardant fabric category to discover our range of safety-conscious textiles. From elegant draperies to durable upholstery materials, we have the perfect fire-retardant fabric for your next project.

If you need personalised advice on choosing a suitable material for your project, don't hesitate to contact us. Our team of experts is always here to assist you.

Happy crafting!



Understanding Flame Resistant Fabrics - Vestis

Understanding How Flame Resistant Fabrics Work

Flame resistant (FR) clothing is a foundational way to help keep your employees safe and protected from burns caused by flash fires, electric arcs and combustible dust. These hazards can be especially prevalent in many different industries and trades like: 

Want more information on Fire Retardant Cotton Fabric? Feel free to contact us.

  • Oil and gas
  • Electrical
  • Welding
  • Utilities
  • Iron and steel 
  • Mining 

Within each profession and industry, the legal requirements for safety workwear vary based on the duties each position entails. Because of these very specific requirements, there are distinct levels of flame resistance protection and a variety of FR fabrics available on the market.  

FR Categories and Regulatory Guidelines

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) sets the standards and requirements that fire resistance garments must adhere to.   

NFPA 70E Requirements

“Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace”, known as NFPA 70E, covers electrical safety requirements for workers, focusing on safeguards to remain productive within their respective job functions. The purpose of the standard is to provide “practical safeguarding of employees during activities such as the installation, operation, maintenance, and demolition of electric conductors, electric equipment, signaling and communications conductors.”  

In short, NFPA 70E exists to protect electrical workers across all industries who work on or near electricity or energized parts/equipment capable of generating an arc flash.   

Complying with NFPA 70E

NFPA 70E is considered the most widely practiced, comprehensive standard for electrical safety in the workplace. Electrical worker FR clothing must comply with these standards, which establishes CAT categories that define the level of arc rating needed by clothing to perform specific hazardous tasks. The standard identifies the distinct types of fire protective clothing needed for specific types of work.   

Some of the key garment tests to comply with 70E include:  

  • Threads must be from flame resistant fibers and not melt at 500°F
  • When exposed to flame for 12 seconds, garments:
    • Must self-extinguish in 2 seconds or less after flame is removed
    • Must not have char damage of more than 6 inches
    • Must not melt or drip
    • Must remain compliant to all these standards after 25 wash and dry cycles

NFPA Requirements

NFPA is the clothing standard for protection against flash fire hazards. This requirement is most commonly applicable to non-electrical work found in oil and gas industries, but it does encompass all potential jobs where flash fire is considered a hazard.   

The purpose of NFPA is similar to 70E in that it exists to protect workers from burns caused by hazardous working conditions or materials in the workplace. It provides the minimum requirements “for the design, construction, evaluation, and verification of flame resistant garments for use by industrial personnel.” It intends to reduce burn injuries and the severity of burns for wearers.  

The garment requirements laid out in NFPA are extremely stringent. FR clothing must tested and certified by a third party before being made available on the open market, and garments must defy melting, dripping, or after-flame burning, similar to 70E.   

While FR garment designs do sometimes adhere to both standards, it is important to note that compliance with one standard does not mean compliance with the other.  

Flame Resistance vs. Flame Retardant Fabrics

While “flame resistance” and “flame retardant” are terms sometimes used interchangeably, there are differences. Flame resistance refers to any fabric where fibers have a natural resistance to burning when exposed to flame. Wool, for example, is highly unlikely to fully ignite because any flames introduced to a wool garment tend to be naturally extinguished by the fibers themselves.  

Flame retardant fabrics, on the other hand, are made up of fibers treated by chemicals to make them exceptionally resistant to fire. They can burn, but at a much slower rate than all other fabrics and with the added ability to extinguish themselves. 

If a flame is removed from either of these garment types, the fabric will stop burning. This means it will not burn on its own and wearers of these fabrics will have added protection against ignition.   

The Science Behind Flame Resistant Fabrics

Some of the leading clothing manufacturers we offer, like DRIFIRE® and SteelGuard®, design, test, and innovate FR clothing by using many types and blends of different fibers to make FR fabrics. Synthetic fibers continue to be a large portion of what comprises FR garments, but everyday fibers like cotton can also become flame resistant when flame retardant chemicals are added.   

Nylon and polyester are both popular synthetic fibers that have fire resistant qualities. Plastic-based fibers (like nylon and polyester) tend to melt instead of burn, making them great for FR garment fabrics. Nylon and polyester are both popular materials used in FR clothing due to these high melting points and low thermal conductivity. Manufacturers often treat these synthetic fibers with a fire-resistant chemical for additional protection.   

Aramid fibers are another type of synthetic fiber known for their resistance to high temperatures and corrosion. They are also extremely lightweight, yet high strength which make them an excellent fiber for usage in high-performance, FR fabrics. Aramid fibers are known for being stronger than steel at only a fifth the weight of steel.   

Modacrylic are synthetic fibers known for their durability, comfort and protection. They have flame retardant qualities, but also are known to be comfortable due to low density of modacrylic fibers. These fibers can be easily dyed, shaped and are known to dry fast. As such, fabrics made with modacrylic fibers are commonly used in performance FR clothing and other workwear.   

Cotton, by nature, is not flame resistant. It is highly flammable. However, chemically-treated FR cotton is indeed flame resistant. FR cotton feels and performs much like cotton, but with the added protection against fire making it another common fabric found in FR clothing. Some garments are 100% cotton, yet the flame retardant chemicals make those same garments flame-resistant and able to comply with FR standards. Cotton and nylon fibers are often blended to form a popular flame resistant fabric option for FR clothing manufacturers.  

Most FR fabrics are often a specific blend of these kinds of fibers coated with fire-resistant chemicals. The blend ratios and chemical treatments required depend on the application of the garment and which NFPA standards to which it needs to comply. 

How Flame Resistant Fabrics Work

How do flame resistant fabrics work? Essentially, FR fabrics are made up of fibers that won’t ignite – often flame retardant fibers, but sometimes a mix of both flame retardant and naturally flame resistant fibers. With all these fibers, both synthetic and natural, FR clothing manufacturers can mix and match different blends to create new and innovative fabrics that increase protection and garment performance, like enhanced moisture wicking, comfort, air flow or durability. 

The properties of these fabrics tend to perform well to meet various standard measurements, including: 

Self-extinguishing – Garments should extinguish themselves after 12 seconds of flame exposure.  

Charring – Most FR fabrics should char (but not burn), which acts to eliminate the fire’s fuel while helping to block the heat from the fire.  

Insulating properties – In certain workplace environments, insulating properties are needed to assess how well a garment can protect the wearer from the heat of flames as well as protection in freezing temperatures.  

Caring for FR Clothing

FR garments require special safety and care considerations to help the distinct types of FR fabrics retain their flame retardance. NFPA 70E standards state that garments should keep all their FR properties after 25 washes (and dries). But this is only possible if FR clothing is meticulously cleaned. Proper laundering and maintenance are necessary for FR clothing and critical for extending the longevity of the garments so that they keep you and your team safe.  

Soils and stains MUST be removed entirely before FR clothing can be used in the field. A small oil stain on your flame resistant coveralls, for example, increases the risk of garment ignition. FR garments must also remain free and clear of other safety-compromising contaminants, like soap residue or calcium and magnesium salt build-up that can build up through washing or hard water.   

Proper cleaning of FR garments is a bit more complicated than your standard cotton or polyester clothing items, but a uniform rental service can remove these challenges, shifting the responsibility of cleaning from your team to an experienced professional with established cleaning processes and protocols for FR fabrics.  

Benefits of Flame Resistant Uniforms from Vestis

A Vestis uniform rental program helps businesses just like yours save time and money while alleviating the challenges of cleaning, maintaining and managing critical safety apparel. Leveraging a uniform rental program, businesses can improve safety, ensure regulatory compliance and gain peace of mind knowing that all the routine maintenance and upkeep are handled by FR clothing professionals. Read more about the benefits of renting FR clothing and uniforms.   

FR Clothing from Vestis

From superior fire protection to enhanced comfort and mobility, Vestis is proud to offer several FR clothing options from the industry’s top manufacturers. We are also the exclusive industrial laundry provider of rental DRIFIRE FR rental garments, a proven leader in the FR industry. 

Along the way, we help ensure your facility remains compliant with all the statutory requirements related to flame resistant clothing based on your company’s protection needs. Here is how our FR uniform rental program works:  

For more Flame Retardant Knit Fabricinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.