Conductive Fabric Performance

29 Apr.,2024

 

Conductive Fabric Performance

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The sampler pack from LessEMF arrived in the mail today, so naturally I was very eager to test the performance of the samples. The pack includes 16 different kinds of material. I don’t think I need to look at all of them in detail, but I will anyway just for the purpose of being thorough, and because I’m curious. For technical details on the different materials or to purchase some, go to LessEMF’s fabric page. It’s not expensive in small quantities.

In order to determine the suitability of using each material for Keyglove sensors, I’ve come up with a list of tests. Not every one of the tests must to be successful, but the more that are, the better the material will be considered. Here is a summary of each different test, in order from most to least critical:

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  • Conductivity: it must have very high electrical conductivity so as to create a short when two pieces are lightly touched together. No pressure should be required. This test involves checking for a short between two points on the same fabric, and then again by holding wires against two unique pieces and touching only the fabric together (to simulate the glove action).
  • Flexibility: it must bend easily so that any finger position will not feel inhibited due to the material. If it is too stiff, the glove will feel unnatural and be unpleasant to use.
  • Solderability: it must be able to have a wire lead attached somehow. Depending on the rest of the tests, if this fails it may be possible to use conductive thread or silver epoxy to get the job done. Solder would be preferable for ease though.
  • Sewability: it must be able to attached with some kind of thread to the cotton glove base. Material that is too thick or dense may resist too much. Material that is too weak may pull away or tear from the stitches.
  • Phone Tap: it must be able to accurately register a single tap on a capacitive touch screen (such as on an iPhone). This should feel exactly the same as using your finger would and require no more pressure or precision.
  • Phone Drag: it must be able to accurately register a tap-hold-drag motion on a capacitive touch screen. Again, it should feel exactly like using a bare finger.
  • Elasticity: it must stretch at least a little bit to accommodate certain hand positions more easily. This won’t matter for most sensors, but could be useful for the long ones placed on the palm.

Below is a detailed list of how each of the sampler materials performs under the tests outlined above. One test that I cannot perform well is long-term durability, which is certainly important, but impossible to test quickly. I will have to see how my “best choice” material holds up after I start using it on the glove. My current favorite, the stretch conductive fabric, has a very fine silver coating (which contributes substantially to its cost) which they say will come off after repeated washings in hot water. I wonder if it might come off under other circumstances as well.

Also, note that when I label a particular material as “suitable” or “unsuitable,” I am referring only to the suitability as a Keyglove sensor, and not to the suitability of its intended purpose. I have no doubt that these materials do not behave electromagnetically exactly as they are represented by LessEMF.

Quick verdict: one of Stretch Conductive Fabric, VeilShield™, or Canopy Mesh Fabric depending on budget and wire mounting capabilities. Read on for more detail.

Stretch Conductive Fabric

(suitable)

Conductivity Excellent. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None, but a wire can be “melted” into one side. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity Excellent. Notes Melting wires into the material is, I’m sure, not what LessEMF intended. However, it does appear to make a solid, reliable electrical connection between the wire and the material. The melted nylon lets of what is probably a small amount of toxic fumes, and it changes the dark gray coloration to be a burnt brown/orange color immediately around the wire tip. It also grips rather tightly to the wire (a consequence of melted nylon). I tested the strength of the hold, and it took quite a lot of pull to remove the wire. I tried re-melting it to another spot and then added a small dot of 5-minute epoxy to test again. It may be possible to achieve the conductivity with epoxy only and skip the melting.

Knit Stainless Steel Mesh

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Excellent. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity Slight. Notes This is a relatively coarse wire mesh, and if pulled slightly it will return to its shape. However, if pulled with substantial force, it will simply bend the interlocking mesh links, and it will be forever stuck that way. The main problem is that it is 100% stainless steel, and I could not get any solder to meld properly. The canopy fabric below is basically the same but can be soldered.

Canopy Fabric

(suitable)

Conductivity Excellent. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability Excellent. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity Slight. Notes Since this material is nothing more than tin-coated copper wire, it is very conductive and easy to solder. I worry that it might have damaging effects on extremely smooth surfaces like car paint. This stuff exhibits the same elasticity properties as the knit stainless steel mesh above (though less force is required to permanently bend the mesh since the material is thinner). It is actually solderable though, in contrast to the stainless steel mesh.

Ex-Static™

(unsuitable)

Conductivity None. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity Very slight. Notes This fabric isn’t conductive at all between two pieces or from point to point on the same surface, so it doesn’t much matter. However, I was surprised to see the phone tests work correctly.

Pure Copper Polyester Taffeta

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Good. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This material is, like others, conductive between two points on the same surface, but not between two different pieces of material. It is also not solderable. It is quite dense, which would make it a little harder to sew, but not impossible.

Nickel/Copper Ripstop

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Good. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This is almost the same as the copper polyester, only it has nickel as well and it a tiny bit less flexible. The effective conductivity is identical.

ShieldIt™ Super

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Good. Solderability Decent wire attachment possible, but weak. Sewability None. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes The conductivity is actually excellent on the same surface, but terrible between two pieces. This material has a hot-melting adhesive backing which might have made it very easy to attach to the glove. However, since the conductivity test didn’t pass, it’s kind of pointless to try. Also, the soldered wire lead did stick remarkably well, but due (I assume) to weakening of the fabric by the extreme heat, the small area with solder on it actually broke away from the rest of the fabric after some force was applied. This didn’t happen very easily, but easily enough that I would worry about the reliability of the attachment through daily use.

Bullionet™ Mesh

(suitable)

Conductivity Excellent Flexibility Excellent Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This material looks very much like what is used for window screens. The mesh has a square pattern. It’s conductivity is good, but it falls apart under the soldering iron. The side of the mesh makes sewing very easy, and it works well with phones. Given other options though, I’d probably go with the VeilShield™ over this.

ArgenMesh™

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability Poor. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes Like some others, this material’s conductivity is excellent on the same surface, but not reliable between two pieces. I believe this material has too much nylon (45%) arranged in such a way that the metal is not always right at the surface. Some of the touch conductivity tests didn’t seem to work well. Soldering made the wire grip the material at the cost of destroying the nylon holding it all together. I’d pass on this stuff, since there are so many other good options.

Soft&Safe™ Shielding

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This stuff is unique because it uses bamboo for the non-conductive part of the material. It was very resistant (by comparison) to heat damage during the solder test. The conductivity is good between two points on the same surface, but not at all between two different pieces.

StatiCot™ Shielding

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This material is made of polyester, cotton, and stainless steel. Soldering is pretty much impossible. The conductivity is not at all good enough for what I would need for a sensor. It is only 25% non-fabric material, and thus looked the most like regular fabric of all of the samples.

RadioScreen™

(suitable)

Conductivity Excellent. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This stuff looks and feels great. However, soldering doesn’t work at all. In fact, it seems to destroy the woven mesh wherever the heat is directly applied. It may be possible to “weave” the wire lead into the very fine mesh and then secure it with an epoxy bead. One other note is that this material is nickel-plated and possibly unsuitable for people with extreme nickel allergies (LessEMF’s warning).

VeilShield™

(suitable)

Conductivity Excellent. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This is very similar to the RadioShield™ stuff above, except the mesh is even finer and the material is thinner. It is nearly transparent as well, which is kind of neat. Soldering is still not possible.

CobalTex™

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability None. Sewability Good. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This material is almost the same as the the copper polyester and nickel/copper ripstop, except it has a nickel-cobalt alloy coating. The rest of the effective qualities are identical.

ESD Static Fabric

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Good. Flexibility Excellent. Solderability Possible, not great. Sewability Excellent. Phone Tap Acceptable. Phone Drag Acceptable. Elasticity Slight. Notes This material has a tendency to “catch” on itself or other nearby fabrics due to the ends of tiny wires in the mesh being exposed after cutting. This could make it slightly annoying to deal with depending on your sewing skills (mine are quite poor at this point). Soldering is possible, but the interwoven fabric inhibits a very clean joint. I would probably rather use one of the non-fabric pure fine meshes instead of this.

AL100 Wall Shielding

(unsuitable)

Conductivity Poor. Flexibility Poor. Solderability None. Sewability Poor. Phone Tap Excellent. Phone Drag Excellent. Elasticity None. Notes This material is definitely not suited to be a Keyglove sensor. It’s designed to be EMF wall shielding. I say it has poor flexibility not because it is especially stiff, but rather because it is flexible in somewhat of the same way that a thick piece of aluminum foil is flexible, but not at all like fabric. It is too thick to sew, and there is a plastic-like coating on the back surface that melts easily when attempting to solder. This is just a bad choice for the Keyglove.

So, there we have it: a full run-down of the suitability of each type of sample material. Here are the results in a summary format:

  • Only 5 out of the 16 materials could be used for sensors:
    • Stretch Conductive Fabric ($59.95 per linear foot)
    • Canopy Fabric ($15.95 per linear foot)
    • Bullionet™ Mesh ($11.95 per linear foot)
    • RadioScreen™ ($15.99 per linear foot)
    • VeilShield™ ($18.95 per linear foot)
  • Almost none of the materials are solderable (of the above, only the canopy fabric)
  • Almost all of the materials work on capacitive touch screens
  • If capacitive taps work, so do capacitive drags

The “linear foot” prices are from spools of fabric that are typically at least 42 inches wide, so one linear foot is actually at least 500 square inches. Since each glove requires approximately 10 square inches of sensor material (estimated), that means that one foot can do 50 gloves, meaning even the really expensive stretch conductive fabric comes out to be $1.20 of material per glove. Not too bad.

Given all the possibilities, my favorite is the stretch conductive fabric. I only need to find out what the best way of attaching a wire lead to that material is. I’ve sent an email to the people at LessEMF to see if they have any recommendations, and in the mean time, I’m going to try some experiments (involving cheap wire glue and/or epoxy beads). I’d like to avoid using silver epoxy, though I know it would work, because it would greatly add to the cost of any glove—probably as much as $10 per glove, realistically. With 34 sensors, 14 oz. of epoxy goes pretty quick.

On October 15, 2010

 

Conductive Fabric Consumption Market: Examining Top ...

Current Trends in the Conductive Fabric Consumption Market:

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In essence, the growth trajectory in the Conductive Fabric Consumption market is intricately linked with an unwavering commitment to continuous improvement. Companies that make the deliberate choice to prioritize the ongoing refinement of their processes, products, and customer experiences position themselves as true market leaders. This relentless pursuit of excellence becomes a driving force, ensuring that they not only meet the current demands of the market but also proactively stay ahead in an environment characterized by perpetual evolution. By fostering a culture of innovation and adaptability, these forward-thinking entities create a dynamic framework that allows them to navigate uncertainties, embrace emerging trends, and maintain a competitive edge. In a landscape where change is constant, this commitment to continuous improvement becomes a cornerstone for sustained success and resilience in the ever-evolving Conductive Fabric Consumption market.

Competitive Scene of the Conductive Fabric Consumption Market:

The Conductive Fabric Consumption market is marked by a dynamic and rapidly changing competitive landscape. A multitude of players, spanning from well-established industry leaders to pioneering startups, compete for market share and supremacy. Rigorous competition cultivates an ongoing pursuit of innovation and exceptional performance as companies strive to distinguish themselves through superior product quality, pricing tactics, and customer satisfaction. Market dynamics are shaped by variables such as technological innovations, regulatory modifications, and evolving consumer preferences. This dynamic competition not only drives market expansion but also poses challenges and opportunities for participants, fostering strategic collaborations, consolidations, and takeovers as businesses strive to maintain a competitive edge in this constantly evolving environment. In general, the Conductive Fabric Consumption market presents a captivating array of competition, where the ability to adjust and come up with new ideas are crucial factors for achieving success.

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Conductive Fabric Consumption Market: Future Demand and Top Key Players

  • Bekaert
  • Laird
  • Seiren
  • 3M
  • Toray
  • Emei group
  • Metaline
  • 31HK
  • Shieldex
  • KGS
  • Holland Shielding Systems
  • Metal Textiles
  • Parker Hannifin
  • Swift Textile Metalizing
  • HFC
  • ECT

The future demand and key players in the Conductive Fabric Consumption market are poised to play pivotal roles in shaping the industry's trajectory. Anticipated demand in the coming years is expected to be driven by specific factors, such as technological advancements, changing consumer behaviors, regulatory shifts, or global trends. As the market evolves, several key players will likely emerge as influential forces. Among the top contenders are leading companies or organizations, known for their innovation, market presence, and strategic initiatives. 

Conductive Fabric Consumption Market by Type

  • Copper-based Yarns Textiles
  • Silver Plated Yarns Textiles
  • Steel Filaments Textiles
  • Carbon-based Yarns Textiles
  • Others

Conductive Fabric Consumption Market by Application

  • Industrial & Commercial & Military
  • Medical & Healthcare
  • Electronic Industry
  • Others

Conductive Fabric Consumption Market Scope of the Report:

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The scope of the report on the Conductive Fabric Consumption market encompasses a comprehensive analysis of various key elements, providing stakeholders with valuable insights into the industry's dynamics. The report is designed to thoroughly examine market trends, growth drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the specified timeframe. It includes a detailed assessment of market segments, such as product types, applications, and regions, providing a granular view of the market landscape.

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Conductive Fabric Consumption Market Geography:

The geographical scope of the Conductive Fabric Consumption market pertains to the specific regions or countries that are encompassed by the market analysis. The extent of geographic coverage for "Conductive Fabric Consumption" can vary depending on the specific industry or market being discussed. Below is a versatile template that you can customize by substituting "Conductive Fabric Consumption" with the appropriate industry or market.

The Conductive Fabric Consumption market showcases a heterogeneous geographical terrain, encompassing analysis and insights across multiple regions and countries. This comprehensive evaluation covers major international markets, such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, among others. Every region has a distinct impact on the market dynamics, which are shaped by various factors including economic conditions, regulatory frameworks, technological uptake, and cultural inclinations.

Reasons Why You Should Buy This Report:

1. Comprehensive Market Insights:

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2. Strategic Decision-Making:

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3. Competitive Landscape Understanding:

  • Access a detailed assessment of the competitive landscape, including profiles of key players, their market share, and strategic initiatives.
  • Stay ahead of the competition by understanding the strengths and weaknesses of major market participants.

4. Market Forecast and Future Trends:

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5. Risk Mitigation and Management:

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6. Investment Opportunities:

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Table of Contents:

1. Introduction of the Conductive Fabric Consumption Market

  • Overview of the Market
  • Scope of Report
  • Assumptions 

2. Executive Summary

3. Research Methodology of Market Research Intellect

  • Data Mining
  • Validation
  • Primary Interviews
  • List of Data Sources 

4. Conductive Fabric Consumption Market Outlook

  • Overview
  • Market Dynamics
  • Drivers
  • Restraints
  • Opportunities
  • Porters Five Force Model
  • Value Chain Analysis 

5. Conductive Fabric Consumption Market, By Product

6. Conductive Fabric Consumption Market, By Application

7. Conductive Fabric Consumption Market, By Geography

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Rest of the World 

8. Conductive Fabric Consumption Market Competitive Landscape

  • Overview
  • Company Market Ranking
  • Key Development Strategies 

9. Company Profiles

10. Appendix 

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