What is the LiMnO2 Battery? - Crazell

What is the LiMnO2 Battery?

A LiMnO2 battery, also called a lithium manganese dioxide battery, is a type of battery that cannot be recharged. The “Li” stands for lithium, the primary element used to store energy. The “MnO2” refers to the manganese oxide used in the battery’s positive side, known as the cathode. LiMnO2 batteries are available in many shapes and sizes. They can be regular sizes, like A and AA, or small coin cell batteries.

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The main advantage of LiMnO2 batteries is that they have a great balance of performance and cost. Compared to other lithium batteries, LiMnO2 provides several benefits. These benefits are safer use, lower price, and better stability. They are often cheaper to produce than some other types of lithium batteries. Their high energy density and long lifespan make them a good option for many items, including consumer electronics and more complex applications.

Working Principle

The Lithium Manganese Dioxide (LiMnO2) battery has metallic lithium on the negative side and heat-treated manganese dioxide on the positive side. It uses a special organic electrolyte solution that conducts electricity well.

When the battery works, lithium atoms from the anode let go of electrons. These electrons travel through an outside circuit and help power the device. At the same time, lithium ions move through an electrolyte substance to reach the cathode. There, they mix with manganese dioxide. This creates a steady voltage of 3.0V, making it useful for many things. The battery has a special spinel structure. This structure helps lithium ions move better, which improves the performance. Most LiMnO2 batteries cannot be recharged. Charging them can cause internal reactions that are not safe to fix.

Pros and Cons of Li-MnO2 Batteries

Advantages

• High Energy Density: LiMnO2 batteries can store a lot of energy while being small and light.
• Wide Operating Temperature: They work well between -40°C and +85°C.
• High Open Circuit Voltage: When not being used, these batteries maintain a high voltage. This helps them store energy and discharge power quickly when needed.
• Stable Voltage and Current: These batteries provide steady voltage and current. This keeps devices running correctly and protects sensitive parts.
• Low Self-Discharge Rate: LiMnO2 batteries lose their charge slowly. At 25°C, they lose less than 1% of their charge each year.
• Long Shelf Life: If stored right, they can hold their charge for up to 10 years.
• Safety and Eco-friendly: The LiMnO2 battery has features that prevent high currents and leaks. It is eco-friendly and does not have harmful materials like mercury.
• Various types: The batteries come in several forms, including button batteries, cylindrical batteries, and rectangular batteries. Each type has different sizes and structures, with capacities that range from tens to hundreds of milliamperes.

Disadvantages

• Single-Use Limitation: LiMnO2 batteries are primary, meaning you can only use them once. They cannot be recharged like secondary batteries.
• Not Ideal for Super High-Drain Devices: These batteries do not work well in devices that need a lot of power. Using them in such devices can greatly lower their performance and lifespan.
• Relative High Cost: Because these batteries are not rechargeable, you have to buy a new one when it runs out. If you change the battery often, it can become expensive.

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Lithium Manganese Dioxide Battery uses metallic lithium as the negative electrode, heat treated electrolytic manganese dioxide as the positive electrode, and an electrolyte consisting of lithium perchlorate dissolved in mixed solvents such as propylene carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

Lithium Manganese Dioxide Battery is a typical organic electrolyte lithium battery, which was invented and successfully developed by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. of Japan in and then pushed to market. The internal electrode structure of the battery can be designed and made into carbon packs, winding, and laminated types, and the battery shape can be designed and made into coins, cylindrical, and square shapes to meet the requirements of different sizes and current appliances.

Compared with other lithium batteries, Li MnO2 cell has relatively low material and manufacturing costs and good safety, making it the most widely used commercial lithium ion battery in the world today.

I. Working Principle of Lithium Manganese Dioxide Battery

The Lithium Manganese Dioxide Battery uses metallic lithium as the negative electrode, heat treated electrolytic manganese dioxide as the positive electrode, and an electrolyte consisting of lithium perchlorate (or lithium triflate) dissolved in mixed solvents such as propylene carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Its discharge mechanism is different from the oxidation-reduction mechanism of general batteries, and the positive electrode reaction is a typical insertion reaction.

When the battery discharges, the negative electrode of lithium undergoes an oxidation reaction and forms lithium ions that dissolve in the electrolyte solution and migrate to the manganese dioxide positive electrode, where they embedded into the manganese dioxide lattice and promote the manganese to be reduced from four valence states to three valence states.

II. Characteristics of Lithium Manganese Dioxide Battery

1. Low price: The positive electrode active material manganese dioxide uses electrolytic manganese dioxide, which is a relatively cheap material among lithium battery positive electrode active materials and can be widely promoted and applied;

2. Excellent battery performance: the specific energy of a manganese dioxide primary lithium battery is 5-10 times that of dry batteries (about 230wh/kg or 500wh/l), the load voltage is 2.8V, and the discharge voltage is relatively stable. It can work in the range of -40℃ to +50℃;

3. Long battery storage life: The battery storage life at room temperature is more than 10 years, and the annual capacity loss is about 1%;

4. Safe and reliable battery: The battery does not generate gas during storage and discharge, and has good safety;

5. Various types of batteries: The batteries include button batteries, cylindrical batteries, and rectangular batteries, each of which has batteries with different sizes and structures, with capacities ranging from tens of milliamperes to hundreds of amperes. Therefore, it can meet the requirements of various applications.

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