The bus is one of the most important vehicles in the public transportation system. Since these cars are directly related the lives of passengers, their safety, convenience and beauty are very significant. Many pieces are used to move a bus, some of them are body equipments. There are 4 types of buses, including city or transit, suburban, intercity or school bus, but the equipment used in them is not the same.
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The body of the bus is just as important as the other parts which are used inside the vehicle. The body has a great impact on the safety and beauty of the bus. Also, the bus travels more on intercity roads or high traffic streets. Therefore, the body of a bus must have high strength.
The design and production of the bus body must be done according to certain principles and standards. For instance, bus doors with standard sizes are designed for the entry and exit of passengers. The windows of the bus are also larger than other cars and have more strength. Some buses are made of alloy steel, while others use (Kevlar and S-2 Glass Epoxy) composites, which increase the weight of the bus.
Generally, bus body components such as lights, glass, roof ventilation system, wiper, bumper, windshield, bus doors and even the body of this vehicle are more sensitive than other cars.
Mainly, the equipment used for the body of a bus include side mirrors, bus lights, control panel, glasses, fuel tank, battery and spare tire.
One of the components of the bus body is the light that is installed in the front, rear, side and even in some buses for the roof. This piece is one of the main pieces of the bus which is used for road lighting at night, blinking and warning for other vehicles.
In small passenger cars, the lights are installed on the outside of the body. But in the case of the bus as a heavy vehicle, the lights are part of the body. Since the bus is directly related to the lives of the passengers, the quality of the lights of this vehicle is very significant. Adequate exposure, clearness of glass and high strength of the lights are important factors that you should pay attention to when buying bus body equipment, including lights.
Changeability of bulbs is another feature of a bus light. If these bubbles break, you can easily change them.
The light in the body of the bus is installed in two modes of high beam and low beam. Both modes are essential for driving at night. The bus lights at the rear are installed in such a way that they turn on automatically when the headlights are on. In addition to taillights and headlights, the blinker, fog lights and other types of LED lights are also used in buses. The main advantages of this type of lights are high strength and durability, as well as insensitivity to severe shocks.
Another component of the bus body is the glasses of this vehicle. The glass of the bus must have high durability and also be transparent and delicate. To design the side and rear windows of the bus, as well as windshields, special standards such as preventing the heat and cold energy from escaping inside the bus and reducing carbon dioxide emissions are considered.
Also, the glass of the bus should be clear enough that both passengers and driver as well as co-driver can see outside. But in addition to this case, preventing harmful sun rays from entering the bus, is another important point that you should bear in mind. So when buying bus glass, look for the best materials available in the market.
The windshields of the bus have a special curvature that the optics, installation and operation of the glass depends on the quality of its curvature. During production, the heat entering the glass must be controlled, because it has a great impact on determining the amount of bending. Drivers who intend to buy bus glass, should consider the dark border in the glass. It would be interesting to know that, this useful feature makes the glass absorb heat radiation more efficiently than clear glasses.
Other components of the bus body include its doors. Folding or electric doors are currently used for modern buses. These doors have two models: one-sided and two-sided. This model of doors is used for corridors and bus entrances with the aim of saving space. It also reduces the risk of the bus door hitting the wall, other vehicles or objects.
Electric or folding bus door is designed in two forms: two-sided and one-sided. The automatic door has two flaps and each flap is also divided into two parts. When the door is opened, the two flaps are split in two and placed on top of each other. Of course, two-sided doors and one-side doors are also used for intercity buses.
These types of doors are so smooth and in addition, opening and closing them does not cause any noise. On the other hand, they have high security compared to mechanical doors. Also, the high speed of opening and closing the door is another feature of the folding or electric doors of the bus.
The bumper is another component of the bus body, which is made of metal for buses. However, in some cases, durable plastics with metal alloys and carbon fiber may be used to produce this piece. One of the usages of this piece is to protect the bus when it hits a wall or other vehicles. As a matter of fact, the bumper plays a protective role for the bus.
For this public vehicle, two front and rear bumpers are used. The front bumper of this car consists of three main parts (front, absorber and transverse bumper beam). The front part is used to beautify the bus bumper and the absorber part is used to reduce the damage caused by the accident. The transverse bumper beam also absorbs the kinetic energy caused by the accident.
To buy a bus bumper, you should consider the high resistance of the body of this part against water, sunlight, accident and collision with the wall or other vehicles. If the bus bumper has aerodynamic features, it will be strong as well as flexible and shock-absorbing.
Leinfelden-Echterdingen – Daimler Buses is planning further growth in the field of e-mobility – also beyond vehicles and infrastructure. To this end, the company is introducing new services to extend the useful life of electrically powered buses: For example, Daimler Buses is now offering its customers the remanufacturing of electric bus batteries. In addition, the manufacturer is expanding its range in to include a latest-generation battery replacement with a longer range. Daimler Buses thus wants to enable the longest possible useful life for its electrified vehicles – as with diesel buses. The two offers are part of an e-service offensive that looks at the entire life cycle and profitability of e-buses and batteries.
Daimler Buses is initially offering the new services for the electrically powered Mercedes-Benz eCitaro city bus. The vehicle has been in series production since and is now equipped with third-generation batteries (NMC3). In , the significantly refined next battery generation (NMC4) is to follow. These services are also a possible prospect for the Mercedes-Benz eIntouro inter-city bus in the future. Daimler Buses presented a near-series prototype of the eIntouro at the end of . The bus will be equipped with the same battery technology, known as LFP (lithium iron phosphate) batteries, as the Mercedes-Benz eActros 600 long-haul truck and will be available on the market from .
Till Oberwörder, CEO of Daimler Buses: “The future of buses is clearly electric. In addition to the high demand for our electrified buses and our range of services for developing turnkey e-infrastructure, we see great potential in the field of e services – and we want to exploit this potential. Our customers should be able to use electric buses as economically and for as long as conventionally powered vehicles. This makes us pioneers in the industry.”
Till Oberwörder continues: “Our first-generation Mercedes-Benz eCitaro buses are still in successful use today. The new e-services will help to ensure that this remains the case for many years to come. This sends a clear message: E-buses are here to stay!”
Maximized service life thanks to new e-services
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With the remanufacturing and replacement of batteries, Daimler Buses aims to ensure long-term and thus sustainable use in vehicles. Like all batteries, electric bus batteries lose capacity over the years with intensive use. The manufacturer is now remanufacturing first-generation NMC1 batteries as required, which significantly increases the capacity and therefore also the electric range of the buses. In the future, what is known as the “reworked” range will also be extended to NMC2 and NMC3 batteries. In addition, Daimler Buses will also replace batteries of all predecessor generations (NMC1 to NMC3) from onwards, depending on the customer’s planned duration of use. The company will then replace them with the latest NMC4 models, which enable an increase in capacity and thus also greater ranges of existing e-buses compared to when they were new. A special feature: Depending on the vehicle configuration and the original battery generation, it is possible that fewer batteries will be required to achieve the same or higher total capacity with the NMC4 batteries.
Daimler Buses will also apply remanufacturing and battery replacement to the new NMC4 generation for its used vehicle range in the “BusStore”. Customers can also purchase used e-buses with very high battery capacity or the latest battery technology.
Digital service portfolio for maximum battery service life in the vehicle
Before remanufacturing or replacement becomes necessary, the Daimler Buses digital service portfolio helps to extend the battery service life in the vehicle: For example, software checks the status of the batteries in the electric bus fleet and compiles this information for the bus operator, including recommendations for action. Among other things, it detects the state of charge, temperatures and non-operational times of the buses and recommends measures to protect the batteries.
Long service life of e-buses thanks to warranties and repair options
As part of new vehicle sales, Daimler Buses will also offer warranties of up to twelve years with the introduction of the new NMC4 battery in . This allows customers to use their vehicles economically and without risk over a long period of time. In addition, the manufacturer relies on a modular design of its batteries, which enables simple repairs.
Europe’s largest e-service network with extensive services
With over 100 locations, Daimler Buses has established one of the largest e-service networks for buses in Europe. The service employees are specially trained in the proper handling of electric vehicles and their high-voltage technology. The locations have special facilities such as elevated racks or battery cranes for working directly on the high-voltage components or repairing or replacing complete batteries. Customers of Daimler Buses benefit from tailor-made service solutions for their individual needs in their immediate vicinity after the vehicle purchase. This also includes a fast and reliable supply of replacement parts, which keeps the e-buses ready for use at all times.
Life of batteries after use in the vehicle
After the first life of the batteries in the vehicle, Daimler Buses offers solutions for what are known as “repurpose” applications. Here, the former high-voltage batteries are used, for example, in energy storage units to compensate for peak loads in the power grid or as intermediate storage units in solar and wind farms. Subsequently, at the end of the life cycle, the company joins up with partners to offer recycling opportunities to recover bound raw materials as far as possible. With the objective of enabling even more efficient recycling methods and a closed product life cycle, Daimler Buses has partnered with Daimler Truck to participate in funded projects across Germany.
About NMC and LFP batteries
Daimler Buses relies on lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries for its city buses. The new NMC4 battery generation – the successor to the current NMC3 technology – will combine a high energy density, which enables greater ranges of e-buses, with a very long service life. The new NMC4 batteries will be used in the Mercedes-Benz eCitaro, eCitaro G, eCitaro K and eCitaro fuel cell city buses from the beginning of . The NMC4 battery is a proven technology from battery system expert BMZ Poland, a BMZ Holding enterprise. These batteries have already been produced in large series for other applications since and are currently being further developed by BMZ together with Daimler Buses for use in buses.
Due to various requirements, Daimler Buses relies on batteries with LFP cell technology for the new electrically powered Mercedes-Benz eIntouro inter-city bus. The LFP cell chemistry exhibits very good performance in terms of calendar aging, which is why a service life of up to 15 years is possible for individual applications. In contrast to other battery cell technologies, more than 95 percent of the installed capacity can also be used in the case of LFP technology. This enables a longer range with the same installed battery capacity and is therefore ideal for the application scenarios of inter-city buses.
About the Daimler Buses e-roadmap
Daimler Buses has a clear e-roadmap for the electrification of its vehicles across all segments. In line with the dual strategy of parent company Daimler Truck, Daimler Buses is relying on both battery-electric and hydrogen-based technologies.
The fully battery-electric Mercedes-Benz eCitaro city bus has been in series production since . The vehicle has also been available with a hydrogen-based fuel cell as a range extender since . The battery-electric intercity bus Mercedes-Benz eIntouro is scheduled to follow from onwards. In addition, Daimler Buses plans to have electrically powered coaches in its portfolio by the end of the decade.
In this way, Daimler Buses aims to offer battery or hydrogen-based CO2-free models for local applications in each segment by . The focus will initially be on the core markets of Europe and Latin America. By , only CO2-free new vehicles will be sold for local applications in the core market of Europe. In the city bus segment, this is to be the case in Europe as early as .
In addition, Daimler Buses supports its customers with know-how in the transition to electrically powered buses. In June , the enterprise established a new subsidiary for this purpose, Daimler Buses Solutions GmbH, which specializes fully in the design and development of e and H2 infrastructure.
Daimler Buses: Very good results in with strong return on sales
Daimler Buses defended its market leadership in its most important core markets in Europe and Latin America in . The segment sold around 26,600 units worldwide, up two percent on the prior year’s level. In addition, Daimler Buses increased its revenue by 15 percent to over €5.2 billion – mainly thanks to positive effects from the revenue structure. In addition, Daimler Buses achieved an adjusted return on sales of 8.3 percent (prior year: 4.7 percent). Positive market development and the consistent implementation of efficiency measures made this result possible.
About the Daimler Buses segment
As one of the world’s leading bus and coach manufacturers with numerous national subsidiaries, the Daimler Truck segment Daimler Buses is responsible for the global activities of the bus, coach and service brands Mercedes-Benz, Setra, OMNIplus and BusStore. The portfolio of Daimler Buses ranges from coaches, inter-city buses, city buses and special-purpose buses to bus chassis. In addition to the production and sales of new buses, Daimler Buses operates a global service network and offers comprehensive services for vehicles and used buses and coaches.
The locations of Daimler Buses include Daimler Buses GmbH with numerous subsidiaries in Europe, Daimler Buses Latin America in Brazil, Daimler Buses Mexico, Daimler Coaches North America and the bus and coach business of Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş in Türkiye.
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